A central figure of Düsseldorf’s postwar Group Zero, Günther Uecker’s (1930–2025) practice was defined by reliefs of dynamic arrangements of nails. Born in Wendorf, Germany, Uecker studied at the Kunsthochschule Berlin Weissensee and Kunstakademie in Düsseldorf. In the 1950s, influenced by Eastern philosophy and Gregorian chanting, he began developing a ritual of hammering nails—the process signifying protection and creation to the artist, who remembered nailing planks over the windows of his home to deter Soviet troops after the Second World War. By 1957, he was using nails to achieve a “sundial” optical effect across surfaces covered with canvas, configuring light and shadow in ephemeral patterns. Soon, he integrated lightboxes, rotating discs, television sets, and chairs (Stuhl, 1963) into his nail sculptures. In 1961, Uecker joined Heinz Mack and Otto Piene in the anti-expressionist movement Group Zero, which prioritized expanding beyond the traditional dimensions of the canvas into kinetic, serial, and participatory realms. After the group’s dissolution in 1966, Uecker’s work incorporated aspects of conceptual and land art, and he began designing stage sets for operas. Among his public works are From Darkness to Light at the United Nations, Geneva (1978) and the Reflection and Prayer Room at the Reichstag, Berlin (1998–99). In 2020, he embarked on the series Lichtbogen, comprising paintings of radiant blue-and-white arcs, and in 2022, his most recent body of nail reliefs, Shields.

Uecker’s work has been the subject of solo exhibitions at museums worldwide. Retrospectives of his work have been organized by the Central House of Artists, Moscow (1988) and Kunsthalle München (1993), and he participated in Documenta (1964, 1968, 1977) and the 35th Venice Biennale (1970). His work resides in such collections as the Art Institute of Chicago; Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles; Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York; Museum of Modern Art, New York; Walker Art Center, Minneapolis; Hamburger Bahnhof, Berlin; Museum Ludwig, Cologne; Centre Pompidou, Paris; Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam; and Tate, London. Among his many honors are the Pour le Mérite for Sciences and Arts (2000) and the Staatspreis des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (2015).